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δ 9 thc  (Cayman Chemical)


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    Structured Review

    Cayman Chemical δ 9 thc
    DART mass spectra of marijuana (15%w/w THC concentration) and hemp (0.07%w/w THC concentration) flowers; Δ 8 -THC, <t>Δ</t> <t>9</t> -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT solutions; and a Δ 8 -THC + Δ 9 -THC + CBD + CBC + CBT mixture. Peaks at nominal m / z 315 represent [M + H] + peaks, while the peaks detected at m / z 629 indicate the presence of proton-bound cannabinoid dimers [2M + H] + .
    δ 9 Thc, supplied by Cayman Chemical, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/%E2%88%86+9+thc/%CE%949-THC/pmc13047696-44-3-19
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    δ 9 thc - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study"

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    DART mass spectra of marijuana (15%w/w THC concentration) and hemp (0.07%w/w THC concentration) flowers; Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT solutions; and a Δ 8 -THC + Δ 9 -THC + CBD + CBC + CBT mixture. Peaks at nominal m / z 315 represent [M + H] + peaks, while the peaks detected at m / z 629 indicate the presence of proton-bound cannabinoid dimers [2M + H] + .
    Figure Legend Snippet: DART mass spectra of marijuana (15%w/w THC concentration) and hemp (0.07%w/w THC concentration) flowers; Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT solutions; and a Δ 8 -THC + Δ 9 -THC + CBD + CBC + CBT mixture. Peaks at nominal m / z 315 represent [M + H] + peaks, while the peaks detected at m / z 629 indicate the presence of proton-bound cannabinoid dimers [2M + H] + .

    Techniques Used: Concentration Assay

    M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level optimized geometries of CBD, CBC, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT. The gray, white, and red colors represent carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level optimized geometries of CBD, CBC, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT. The gray, white, and red colors represent carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, respectively.

    Techniques Used:

    Three most stable proton-bound homodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with neutral CBD; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the −OH group of neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC. Bond lengths are given in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Three most stable proton-bound homodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with neutral CBD; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the −OH group of neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC. Bond lengths are given in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay

    Three most stable proton-bound heterodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the −OH moiety of neutral Δ 9 -THC; (b) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with neutral CBD. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Three most stable proton-bound heterodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the −OH moiety of neutral Δ 9 -THC; (b) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with neutral CBD. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay

    Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBD and Δ 9 -THC with CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBD and Δ 9 -THC with CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay

    Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT; (b) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of Δ 8 -THC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and CBT; and (c) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBT with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and Δ 8 -THC. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT; (b) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of Δ 8 -THC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and CBT; and (c) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBT with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and Δ 8 -THC. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay

    Relative concentrations of the major proton-bound homo- and heterodimers of CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT over the temperature range of 50–800 K.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Relative concentrations of the major proton-bound homo- and heterodimers of CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT over the temperature range of 50–800 K.

    Techniques Used:

    Related Articles

    other:

    Article Title: Cannabinoid Receptor Activation on Haematopoietic Cells and Enterocytes Protects against Colitis
    Article Snippet: ∆9-THC , 10 mg/kg, oral gavage , 12068 , Cayman Chemical.

    Article Title: The effect of cannabis-derived terpenes on alveolar macrophage function
    Article Snippet: Cells were treated with the following: Terpene Mix A (CRM40755; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, United States), Terpene Mix B (CRM40937; Sigma-Aldrich) , LPS (LPS 0111: B4; Sigma-Aldrich), the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3CSK4 (tlrl-pms; InvivoGen, San Diego, United States), ∆ 9 -THC (ISO60157; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, United States) or the appropriate controls which included methanol (MeOH) or serum-free (SF) RPMI 1640.



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    Image Search Results


    DART mass spectra of marijuana (15%w/w THC concentration) and hemp (0.07%w/w THC concentration) flowers; Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT solutions; and a Δ 8 -THC + Δ 9 -THC + CBD + CBC + CBT mixture. Peaks at nominal m / z 315 represent [M + H] + peaks, while the peaks detected at m / z 629 indicate the presence of proton-bound cannabinoid dimers [2M + H] + .

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DART mass spectra of marijuana (15%w/w THC concentration) and hemp (0.07%w/w THC concentration) flowers; Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT solutions; and a Δ 8 -THC + Δ 9 -THC + CBD + CBC + CBT mixture. Peaks at nominal m / z 315 represent [M + H] + peaks, while the peaks detected at m / z 629 indicate the presence of proton-bound cannabinoid dimers [2M + H] + .

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques: Concentration Assay

    M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level optimized geometries of CBD, CBC, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT. The gray, white, and red colors represent carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, respectively.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level optimized geometries of CBD, CBC, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT. The gray, white, and red colors represent carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques:

    Three most stable proton-bound homodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with neutral CBD; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the −OH group of neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC. Bond lengths are given in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Three most stable proton-bound homodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with neutral CBD; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the −OH group of neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC. Bond lengths are given in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques: Binding Assay

    Three most stable proton-bound heterodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the −OH moiety of neutral Δ 9 -THC; (b) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with neutral CBD. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Three most stable proton-bound heterodimer structures of CBD and Δ 9 -THC optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level of theory: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the −OH moiety of neutral Δ 9 -THC; (b) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral Δ 9 -THC; and (c) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with neutral CBD. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques: Binding Assay

    Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBD and Δ 9 -THC with CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBD and Δ 9 -THC with CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) protonated CBD interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively; (b) protonated Δ 9 -THC interacting with the O atom of the pyran ring in neutral CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT, respectively. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are shown in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques: Binding Assay

    Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT; (b) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of Δ 8 -THC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and CBT; and (c) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBT with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and Δ 8 -THC. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT optimized at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level: (a) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT; (b) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of Δ 8 -THC with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and CBT; and (c) most stable structures of the proton-bound heterodimers of CBT with CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, and Δ 8 -THC. Bond lengths are reported in Å. Binding energies (B.E.) were calculated at the M06–2X/6–311++G­(3df,3pd)//M06–2X/6–311++G­(2d,2p) level. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are represented in gray, white, and red, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques: Binding Assay

    Relative concentrations of the major proton-bound homo- and heterodimers of CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT over the temperature range of 50–800 K.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Investigating the Protonated Cannabinoid Dimer Detected in the Forensic Analysis of Cannabis by DART-MS: A Combined Mass Spectrometry and Computational Study

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative concentrations of the major proton-bound homo- and heterodimers of CBD, Δ 9 -THC, CBC, Δ 8 -THC, and CBT over the temperature range of 50–800 K.

    Article Snippet: Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, CBD, CBC, and CBT cannabinoid certified reference standards in methanol were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques:

    Demonstrating the generalizability of RT-Exo to characterize aptamers with distinct structures binding various targets. (A) Structure of the adenosine aptamer conjugate A23T-R91–4bp. (B) RT-Exo assay data showing fluorescence over time at different concentrations of adenosine, and (C) specificity of A23T-R91–4bp as determined using the RT-Exo assay. (D) Structure of the THC aptamer conjugate THC1.2-R91–4bp. (E, F) RT-Exo assay data for THC1.2-R91–4bp (E) binding to THC and (F) specificity. (G) Structure of the cocaine aptamer conjugate MNS4.1-R91–4bp. (H, I) RT-Exo assay data for MNS4.1-R91–4bp (H) binding to cocaine and (I) specificity. THCC: (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -THC, CBN: cannabinol, THCV: tetrahydrocannabivarin, THCA: THC carboxylic acid A, CBD: cannabidiol, CBDA: cannabidiolic acid, CBGA: cannabigerolic acid, COC: cocaine, AMP: amphetamine, MTC: methcathinone, PENT: pentylone, CLO: clonazepam, CAF: caffeine, PRO: procaine, ACM: acetaminophen, IBU: ibuprofen, NIC: nicotine, BE: benzoylecgonine, MEPH: mephedrone, MDPV: methylenedioxypyrovalerone, FENT: fentanyl, METH: (+)-methamphetamine, MOR: morphine, MTP: methylphenidate, HER: heroin, PSE: pseudoephedrine, MTD: methadone, BZC: benzocaine, SCP: scopolamine, FLU: fluoxetine, SER: serotonin, DOPA: dopamine, LAC: lactose, MAN: mannitol, LIDO: lidocaine, DPH: diphenhydramine, LEV: levamisole, OXY: oxycodone, QUI: quinine, FUB: AB-FUBINACA, ALP: alprazolam, DIAZ: diazepam.

    Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

    Article Title: High-Throughput Aptamer Characterization via Real-Time Nuclease Digestion

    doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c17561

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Demonstrating the generalizability of RT-Exo to characterize aptamers with distinct structures binding various targets. (A) Structure of the adenosine aptamer conjugate A23T-R91–4bp. (B) RT-Exo assay data showing fluorescence over time at different concentrations of adenosine, and (C) specificity of A23T-R91–4bp as determined using the RT-Exo assay. (D) Structure of the THC aptamer conjugate THC1.2-R91–4bp. (E, F) RT-Exo assay data for THC1.2-R91–4bp (E) binding to THC and (F) specificity. (G) Structure of the cocaine aptamer conjugate MNS4.1-R91–4bp. (H, I) RT-Exo assay data for MNS4.1-R91–4bp (H) binding to cocaine and (I) specificity. THCC: (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -THC, CBN: cannabinol, THCV: tetrahydrocannabivarin, THCA: THC carboxylic acid A, CBD: cannabidiol, CBDA: cannabidiolic acid, CBGA: cannabigerolic acid, COC: cocaine, AMP: amphetamine, MTC: methcathinone, PENT: pentylone, CLO: clonazepam, CAF: caffeine, PRO: procaine, ACM: acetaminophen, IBU: ibuprofen, NIC: nicotine, BE: benzoylecgonine, MEPH: mephedrone, MDPV: methylenedioxypyrovalerone, FENT: fentanyl, METH: (+)-methamphetamine, MOR: morphine, MTP: methylphenidate, HER: heroin, PSE: pseudoephedrine, MTD: methadone, BZC: benzocaine, SCP: scopolamine, FLU: fluoxetine, SER: serotonin, DOPA: dopamine, LAC: lactose, MAN: mannitol, LIDO: lidocaine, DPH: diphenhydramine, LEV: levamisole, OXY: oxycodone, QUI: quinine, FUB: AB-FUBINACA, ALP: alprazolam, DIAZ: diazepam.

    Article Snippet: Cocaine HCl, benzoylecgonine, mephedrone HCl, heroin HCl, oxycodone HCl, (+)-methamphetamine HCl, (±)-amphetamine HCl, (±)-3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) HCl, 3,4-MDMA HCl, (±)-methadone HCl, (±)-threo-methylphenidate HCl, fentanyl HCl, methcathinone HCl, α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) HCl, pentylone HCl, ethylone HCl polymorph B, cis-tramadol HCl, (−)-nicotine, morphine sulfate hydrate, codeine phosphate hydrate, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -THC (THC–COOH), Δ 9 -THC carboxylic acid A (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), UR-144, XLR-11, AB-FUBINACA, alprazolam, diazepam, clonazepam, and the Fentanyl Analog Screening Kit were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence

    Demonstrating the generalizability of RT-Exo to characterize aptamers with distinct structures binding various targets. (A) Structure of the adenosine aptamer conjugate A23T-R91–4bp. (B) RT-Exo assay data showing fluorescence over time at different concentrations of adenosine, and (C) specificity of A23T-R91–4bp as determined using the RT-Exo assay. (D) Structure of the THC aptamer conjugate THC1.2-R91–4bp. (E, F) RT-Exo assay data for THC1.2-R91–4bp (E) binding to THC and (F) specificity. (G) Structure of the cocaine aptamer conjugate MNS4.1-R91–4bp. (H, I) RT-Exo assay data for MNS4.1-R91–4bp (H) binding to cocaine and (I) specificity. THCC: (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -THC, CBN: cannabinol, THCV: tetrahydrocannabivarin, THCA: THC carboxylic acid A, CBD: cannabidiol, CBDA: cannabidiolic acid, CBGA: cannabigerolic acid, COC: cocaine, AMP: amphetamine, MTC: methcathinone, PENT: pentylone, CLO: clonazepam, CAF: caffeine, PRO: procaine, ACM: acetaminophen, IBU: ibuprofen, NIC: nicotine, BE: benzoylecgonine, MEPH: mephedrone, MDPV: methylenedioxypyrovalerone, FENT: fentanyl, METH: (+)-methamphetamine, MOR: morphine, MTP: methylphenidate, HER: heroin, PSE: pseudoephedrine, MTD: methadone, BZC: benzocaine, SCP: scopolamine, FLU: fluoxetine, SER: serotonin, DOPA: dopamine, LAC: lactose, MAN: mannitol, LIDO: lidocaine, DPH: diphenhydramine, LEV: levamisole, OXY: oxycodone, QUI: quinine, FUB: AB-FUBINACA, ALP: alprazolam, DIAZ: diazepam.

    Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society

    Article Title: High-Throughput Aptamer Characterization via Real-Time Nuclease Digestion

    doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c17561

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Demonstrating the generalizability of RT-Exo to characterize aptamers with distinct structures binding various targets. (A) Structure of the adenosine aptamer conjugate A23T-R91–4bp. (B) RT-Exo assay data showing fluorescence over time at different concentrations of adenosine, and (C) specificity of A23T-R91–4bp as determined using the RT-Exo assay. (D) Structure of the THC aptamer conjugate THC1.2-R91–4bp. (E, F) RT-Exo assay data for THC1.2-R91–4bp (E) binding to THC and (F) specificity. (G) Structure of the cocaine aptamer conjugate MNS4.1-R91–4bp. (H, I) RT-Exo assay data for MNS4.1-R91–4bp (H) binding to cocaine and (I) specificity. THCC: (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -THC, CBN: cannabinol, THCV: tetrahydrocannabivarin, THCA: THC carboxylic acid A, CBD: cannabidiol, CBDA: cannabidiolic acid, CBGA: cannabigerolic acid, COC: cocaine, AMP: amphetamine, MTC: methcathinone, PENT: pentylone, CLO: clonazepam, CAF: caffeine, PRO: procaine, ACM: acetaminophen, IBU: ibuprofen, NIC: nicotine, BE: benzoylecgonine, MEPH: mephedrone, MDPV: methylenedioxypyrovalerone, FENT: fentanyl, METH: (+)-methamphetamine, MOR: morphine, MTP: methylphenidate, HER: heroin, PSE: pseudoephedrine, MTD: methadone, BZC: benzocaine, SCP: scopolamine, FLU: fluoxetine, SER: serotonin, DOPA: dopamine, LAC: lactose, MAN: mannitol, LIDO: lidocaine, DPH: diphenhydramine, LEV: levamisole, OXY: oxycodone, QUI: quinine, FUB: AB-FUBINACA, ALP: alprazolam, DIAZ: diazepam.

    Article Snippet: Cocaine HCl, benzoylecgonine, mephedrone HCl, heroin HCl, oxycodone HCl, (+)-methamphetamine HCl, (±)-amphetamine HCl, (±)-3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) HCl, 3,4-MDMA HCl, (±)-methadone HCl, (±)-threo-methylphenidate HCl, fentanyl HCl, methcathinone HCl, α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) HCl, pentylone HCl, ethylone HCl polymorph B, cis-tramadol HCl, (−)-nicotine, morphine sulfate hydrate, codeine phosphate hydrate, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -THC (THC–COOH), Δ 9 -THC carboxylic acid A (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), UR-144, XLR-11, AB-FUBINACA, alprazolam, diazepam, clonazepam, and the Fentanyl Analog Screening Kit were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence

    Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 9 -THC and Δ 8 -THC from CBD (Path A). Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 8 - iso -THC and Δ 4(8) - iso -THC from CBD (Path B).

    Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology

    Article Title: Rapid LC–QTOF–MS screening method for semi-synthetic cannabinoids in whole blood

    doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaf095

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 9 -THC and Δ 8 -THC from CBD (Path A). Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 8 - iso -THC and Δ 4(8) - iso -THC from CBD (Path B).

    Article Snippet: Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (Δ 9 -THCO), Δ 9 -THC-ethyl (Δ 9 -THCE), Δ 9 -THC-butyl (Δ 9 -THCB), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabihexol (Δ 9 -THCH), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ 9 -THCP), Δ 9 -THC-octyl (Δ 9 -THC-C8), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol methyl ether (Δ 9 -THC-OMe), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (Δ 9 -THC-O), cann abinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol ((9 R )-HHC), (9 S )-hexahydro cannabinol ((9 S )-HHC), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabihexol ((9 R )-HHCH), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabiphorol ((9 R )-HHCP), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol acetate ((9 R )-HHC-O), Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 8 -THC), (±)-9α-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9α-OH-HHC), (±)-9β-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9β-OH-HHC), (−)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 8 -THC), (±)-hydroxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 9 -THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-Δ 9 -THC), and 11-nor-(9 R )-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-(9 R )-HHC) at concentrations of 1.0 mg/mL were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, United States).

    Techniques:

    Retrosynthesis of semi-synthetic cannabinoids. Common precursors are depicted on the left (5-alkylresorcinols and 5-alkylcyclohexane-1,3-diones). A general structure for semi-synthetic cannabinoids is shown on the right side. The differences to Δ 9 -THC are the position or presence of the double bond, acylation or alkylation of the phenolic hydroxy group or the chain length of R 1 .

    Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology

    Article Title: Rapid LC–QTOF–MS screening method for semi-synthetic cannabinoids in whole blood

    doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaf095

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Retrosynthesis of semi-synthetic cannabinoids. Common precursors are depicted on the left (5-alkylresorcinols and 5-alkylcyclohexane-1,3-diones). A general structure for semi-synthetic cannabinoids is shown on the right side. The differences to Δ 9 -THC are the position or presence of the double bond, acylation or alkylation of the phenolic hydroxy group or the chain length of R 1 .

    Article Snippet: Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (Δ 9 -THCO), Δ 9 -THC-ethyl (Δ 9 -THCE), Δ 9 -THC-butyl (Δ 9 -THCB), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabihexol (Δ 9 -THCH), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ 9 -THCP), Δ 9 -THC-octyl (Δ 9 -THC-C8), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol methyl ether (Δ 9 -THC-OMe), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (Δ 9 -THC-O), cann abinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol ((9 R )-HHC), (9 S )-hexahydro cannabinol ((9 S )-HHC), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabihexol ((9 R )-HHCH), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabiphorol ((9 R )-HHCP), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol acetate ((9 R )-HHC-O), Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 8 -THC), (±)-9α-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9α-OH-HHC), (±)-9β-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9β-OH-HHC), (−)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 8 -THC), (±)-hydroxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 9 -THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-Δ 9 -THC), and 11-nor-(9 R )-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-(9 R )-HHC) at concentrations of 1.0 mg/mL were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, United States).

    Techniques:

    Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 9 -THC and Δ 8 -THC from CBD (Path A). Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 8 - iso -THC and Δ 4(8) - iso -THC from CBD (Path B).

    Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology

    Article Title: Rapid LC–QTOF–MS screening method for semi-synthetic cannabinoids in whole blood

    doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaf095

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 9 -THC and Δ 8 -THC from CBD (Path A). Acid catalyzed synthesis of Δ 8 - iso -THC and Δ 4(8) - iso -THC from CBD (Path B).

    Article Snippet: Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (Δ 9 -THCO), Δ 9 -THC-ethyl (Δ 9 -THCE), Δ 9 -THC-butyl (Δ 9 -THCB), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabihexol (Δ 9 -THCH), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ 9 -THCP), Δ 9 -THC-octyl (Δ 9 -THC-C8), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol methyl ether (Δ 9 -THC-OMe), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (Δ 9 -THC-O), cann abinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol ((9 R )-HHC), (9 S )-hexahydro cannabinol ((9 S )-HHC), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabihexol ((9 R )-HHCH), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabiphorol ((9 R )-HHCP), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol acetate ((9 R )-HHC-O), Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 8 -THC), (±)-9α-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9α-OH-HHC), (±)-9β-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9β-OH-HHC), (−)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 8 -THC), (±)-hydroxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 9 -THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-Δ 9 -THC), and 11-nor-(9 R )-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-(9 R )-HHC) at concentrations of 1.0 mg/mL were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, United States).

    Techniques:

    Retrosynthesis of semi-synthetic cannabinoids. Common precursors are depicted on the left (5-alkylresorcinols and 5-alkylcyclohexane-1,3-diones). A general structure for semi-synthetic cannabinoids is shown on the right side. The differences to Δ 9 -THC are the position or presence of the double bond, acylation or alkylation of the phenolic hydroxy group or the chain length of R 1 .

    Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology

    Article Title: Rapid LC–QTOF–MS screening method for semi-synthetic cannabinoids in whole blood

    doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaf095

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Retrosynthesis of semi-synthetic cannabinoids. Common precursors are depicted on the left (5-alkylresorcinols and 5-alkylcyclohexane-1,3-diones). A general structure for semi-synthetic cannabinoids is shown on the right side. The differences to Δ 9 -THC are the position or presence of the double bond, acylation or alkylation of the phenolic hydroxy group or the chain length of R 1 .

    Article Snippet: Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (Δ 9 -THCO), Δ 9 -THC-ethyl (Δ 9 -THCE), Δ 9 -THC-butyl (Δ 9 -THCB), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabihexol (Δ 9 -THCH), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ 9 -THCP), Δ 9 -THC-octyl (Δ 9 -THC-C8), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol methyl ether (Δ 9 -THC-OMe), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (Δ 9 -THC-O), cann abinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol ((9 R )-HHC), (9 S )-hexahydro cannabinol ((9 S )-HHC), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabihexol ((9 R )-HHCH), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabiphorol ((9 R )-HHCP), (9 R )-hexahydrocannabinol acetate ((9 R )-HHC-O), Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 8 -THC), (±)-9α-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9α-OH-HHC), (±)-9β-hydroxy hexahydrocannabinol (9β-OH-HHC), (−)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 8 -THC), (±)-hydroxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ 9 -THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-Δ 9 -THC), and 11-nor-(9 R )-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-(9 R )-HHC) at concentrations of 1.0 mg/mL were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, United States).

    Techniques:

    (A) Representative chromatograms of the sample spiked with CBD (0.5%, 2.5 μg/mL), THC (0.552%, 2.76 μg/mL), THC-D 3 (0.3%, 1.5 μg/mL), THC-D 9 (0.830%, 4.15 μg/mL), THCA (0.123%, 0.615 μg/mL), and THCA-D 3 (0.3%, 1.5 μg/mL). (B) ISCC for THC using the combined MIRM transitions of THC-D 3 and THC-D 9 . Gray markers show concentrations calculated from native-isotopologue THC transitions. (C) ISCC for THCA using the MIRM transitions of THCA-D 3 . Black markers show concentrations calculated from native-isotopologue THCA transitions.

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Matrix-Tolerant Quantification of THC and THCA in Complex Cannabis Products Using In-Sample Calibration with Multiple Isotopologue Reaction Monitoring

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00439

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative chromatograms of the sample spiked with CBD (0.5%, 2.5 μg/mL), THC (0.552%, 2.76 μg/mL), THC-D 3 (0.3%, 1.5 μg/mL), THC-D 9 (0.830%, 4.15 μg/mL), THCA (0.123%, 0.615 μg/mL), and THCA-D 3 (0.3%, 1.5 μg/mL). (B) ISCC for THC using the combined MIRM transitions of THC-D 3 and THC-D 9 . Gray markers show concentrations calculated from native-isotopologue THC transitions. (C) ISCC for THCA using the MIRM transitions of THCA-D 3 . Black markers show concentrations calculated from native-isotopologue THCA transitions.

    Article Snippet: Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Δ 9 -THC-D 3 , Δ 9 -THC-D 9 , and Δ 9 -THCA-D 3 were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques:

    (A) Relative peak area
ratios of the most abundant MIRM transitions
of THC-D 3 , THC-D 9 , and THCA-D 3 measured
in solvent and six sample matrices. The solvent response is normalized
to 100%. (B) ISCCs for THC constructed from THC-D 3 and
THC-D 9 transitions in solvent and each matrix. (C) ISCCs
for THCA constructed from THCA-D 3 transitions in solvent
and each matrix ( n = 3). Note: details of MIRM transitions
for THC-D 3 , THC-D 9 , and THCA-D 3 are
labeled in 
</xref> .

    Journal: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

    Article Title: Matrix-Tolerant Quantification of THC and THCA in Complex Cannabis Products Using In-Sample Calibration with Multiple Isotopologue Reaction Monitoring

    doi: 10.1021/jasms.5c00439

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Relative peak area ratios of the most abundant MIRM transitions of THC-D 3 , THC-D 9 , and THCA-D 3 measured in solvent and six sample matrices. The solvent response is normalized to 100%. (B) ISCCs for THC constructed from THC-D 3 and THC-D 9 transitions in solvent and each matrix. (C) ISCCs for THCA constructed from THCA-D 3 transitions in solvent and each matrix ( n = 3). Note: details of MIRM transitions for THC-D 3 , THC-D 9 , and THCA-D 3 are labeled in .

    Article Snippet: Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Δ 9 -THC-D 3 , Δ 9 -THC-D 9 , and Δ 9 -THCA-D 3 were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

    Techniques: Solvent, Construct, Labeling